B1 speaking topics pdf 2022 Speaking Activities: For B1 level students, speaking activities become more sophisticated, focusing on interactive communication and the expression of thoughts and ideas with greater clarity. These are expressed as A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. Using the scales yourself during classroom speaking practice tasks will help you to: analyse your students’ strengths and weaknesses when they do B1 Preliminary Speaking tasks Latest IELTS Speaking Cue Cards May to Aug 2022 Topics with Answers and free PDF download . Save changes. OR CT 2 Unit 2 Speaking Part 1 (January – April 2022) topics PDF . B1 Conversation Topics eBook - Free download as PDF File (. This collection of lessons offers B1/B2 students an opportunity to practise listening and speaking skills, add to their vocabulary, briefly explore language points and increase their general knowledge. Ask and answer questions on familiar topics with the examiner and with each other. Please note that within each topic below, there are subtopics. Most popular. Phase 1B Oct 23, 2022 · At the end of this post, you can find the printable examiner’s speaking guide (all speaking prompts included!). This activity features 21 great conversation questions to get your ESL students talking. B1 Themen für Spreche Jan 30, 2025 · The B1 level exam consists of 4 parts and speaking is one of them. Speaking Part 1: Personal Questions In part 1 of IELTS speaking you will first be asked 3 questions about work/study/living area. The different parts of the Speaking paper LRN Level B1 January 2017 Speaking Examiner Instructions. Suggestions are given for how to adapt the written exercises to classroom This document provides sample speaking presentation topics for different English proficiency levels - A1, A2, and B1. txt) or read online for free. A score of 65% or more means that you would pass the B1 level in the proper test and get the Tracktest B1 certificate. [1] It outlines two parts to the test: Part 1 involves asking students questions to elicit short responses, while Part 2 involves a collaborative task. An essay is the first part of the writing and it is obligatory. The following additional speaking activities at CEFR level B1 are informed by insights gained from the Trinity Lancaster Spoken Learner Corpus research project. To keep up with them, we have found 45 new speaking topics from 2022 TOEFL exams and created questions out of them. This document provides instructions for administering a B1 Speaking Competency Test. In the This article aims to dispel any doubts and help you succeed in the speaking part of the Cils B1 Citizenship test. The purpose is to allow the examinee to demonstrate Feb 19, 2017 · C1 speaking practice: Topic Body, health & nutrition; Listening C1/C2 Advanced/Proficiency; C1/C2 Listening 5 Reasons that justify deportation; B2/C1/C2 Adjectives for describing films and books; B1-B2 Speaking activity: Talking a bit about films; B2/C1 Speaking practice. When you get to the Speaking section of the IELTS exam, you have no more than 15 minutes to demonstrate your ability to speak English. Education and work: · 4. Explore the topics and questions you'll encounter. This means that you can be asked about any 3 topics from this list. This document provides prompts and topics for a B1 speaking test, including 10 topics for candidates to discuss in pairs or groups of three. Sometimes these topics are used in Part 1, sometimes Part 2 and Part 3 . The Speaking section is made up of 3 sections, each of which involves the examiner asking questions about specific topics. pdf), Text File (. com Keywords: DELF B1 exam sample papers with answers Created Date: 8/18/2022 12:09:32 AM Speaking Topics b1 - Free download as Word Doc (. They’ve each been differentiated into three categories Excited to start chatting in English? Let’s go! These topics are perfect whether you’re studying alone, in a classroom, or with friends, making your language learning journey fun and effective. [3] Part 2 presents students with a scenario and Preliminary (PET) Speaking Parts 3 & 4 . by Fredinaweems052. It’s been designed by teachers, for your children’s needs, ensuring that you get the best debates happening in the classroom. Created on October 25, 2022. In Part 1 of Speaking, there are 4 to 6 introductory type of questions with most of them based on familiar topics. Full text; SPEAKING TOPICS B1 – Television and mass . Die “35 Themen Sprechen B1” bieten dir eine solide Grundlage, um deine mündlichen Deutschkenntnisse umfassend zu verbessern. The CEFR guidelines say that someone at Sep 10, 2024 · This PDF resource from Makkar IELTS offers a compilation of potential speaking prompts (covering Parts 1, 2, and 3) for the upcoming exam period. If you have used my other exam preparation lesson idea, Christmas-themed B1 speaking, you may find this post interesting. Conversation topics 1 Age 2 Annoyances 3 Animals 4 Art 5 Birthdays 6 Books 7 Business Jan 25, 2021 · IELTS Speaking Test Topics General Idea of IELTS Speaking. In the first part we had numerous topics related to family life and everyday life. 12/02/2022. Nov 9, 2024 · Collaborative task – In this part the candidates work together and discuss a topic based on pictures which they get from the examiner. (Approximately 1. This resource includes all the essential topics and questions expected to appear in 2025 IELTS Speaking exams, ensuring you’re well-prepared for the test. B1 Preliminary for Schools Speaking test Watch . According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), there are 6 German levels. You might be given a subtopic. The places should be popular with locals. let's GET talkING! all about you. What changes have you noticed in the way your mother tongue is used? In what situations do you use English now? In what future situations might you need English? What jobs in your home country require English? Why do you think English has become the common language for globalization? READ THE TASK AND THINK OF SIX POSSIBLE ANSWERS. B1 Preliminary speaking test - Kenza and Mohammed (video) Speaking test examiner comments (PDF) Vocabulary resources. 10th Grade Public Speaking For IELTS B1 Life Skills Speaking Test Important Topic, Recent Topic in the month of August 2022. com and subscribe to our facebook page and youtube channel (www 14/3/2019 EOI B1 Topics for Speaking - Monologues. Pause Play % buffered 00:00. 1b Ask and answer questions on familiar topics with each other. B1 Speaking worksheet LiveWorksheets. Mar 13, 2024 · I hope our IELTS Speaking Part 1 2024 Topics with Answers post will help you to boost your language proficiency. Candidate Guide to Speaking Exams B1-C2 The Gatehouse Awards IESOL Speaking exam consists of 3 Tasks. Page 1 of 9 B1 SPEAKING TOPICS. All-time. When it comes to preparing for your IELTS Speaking test, research tells us vocabulary is best learnt in context , so it is a really good idea to study Book your B1 (GESE Grade 5) What is a B1 English test? A B1 English test is a type of Secure English Language Test (SELT) that is needed for a number of UK visa applications. Hobbies and interests: · 3. English Speaking Topics Speaking cards. I am now going to ask you some questions. Details This document provides 28 discussion topics for ESL students at levels B1 and B2 that focus on daily life experiences. Over 30 million people build interactive content in Genially. Speaking test samples are the same as those provided for the paper-based sample test. The topics cover areas such as animals, leisure activities, holidays, daily life, entertainment, fashion, friends and family, places Let's do English ESL discussion starters, speaking cards. You can use them to practice writing for the Cambridge exam. The post will show you different sheets with questions related to this topic. In this post we will look at what speaking topics have been offered in exams over the past ten years and list pictures that I have collected on the forums. The speaking section is divided into FOUR parts and involves both speaking alone and speaking with another candidate. Talk together about six different activities they could do in their capital city, and say which would be most interesting. Speaking b1 LiveWorksheets. For each topic, the document lists several example questions that teachers can ask students to spark Jan 29, 2020 · Speaking at B1 level involves candidates showing that they are able to communicate effectively in everyday situations. This list gives students a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing for B1 Preliminary and B1 Preliminary for Schools. There are two examiners. These are the basic questions that begin every test. B1 NIVEL INTERMEDIO MODELO 1 A TAREA 1 MONÓLOGO: LANGUAGES You are going to talk about learning languages. If you have been following me for some time, then you know I have a series on PET Cambridge exam preparation. B1 Preliminary Reading Sample Test 1 answer key. Click here: IELTS Speaking Part 1 Common Topics. This time it’s time to focus on FCE students and let them enjoy Christmas while practising English. The Interlocutor will make sure your exam is recorded. Many common topics will definitely be used in 2022. ) 00:00 00:00 B1 Set of model exercises for adults -- download the listening module (MP4, 36 MB) B1 Set of model exercises for adults -- play the speaking b1 Speaking Topics PDF - Free download as PDF File (. German picture description useful phrases There are 6 possible topics for Trinity ISE I conversation questions: Download a pdf version of 120 ISE I conversation questions: B1 PET 5 Speaking Tests Examiners use the B1 Level assessment scales to decide which marks to give candidates taking the B1 Preliminary Speaking test. But, there are some invaluable resources that always come handy to help prepare for this section. - English Explained. Compared to the alternative English Aug 4, 2020 · IELTS Life Skills B1 is a speaking and listening test, which is available at A1 and B1 levels. Thanks. All The Best ! B1 Set of model exercises for adults (PDF, 887 kB) B1 Set of model exercises for adults -- play the listening module sample audio (37:21 min. Jul 16, 2024 · Speaking b1 7773501 worksheets by Jocelyn Salinas . Speaking is no doubt a daunting task in IELTS examination. The bundle of Makkar IELTS Speaking Questions is indeed a bundle of joy for many of us. pdf. Get the PDF… Practise speaking with your classmates in live group classes, get speaking support from a personal tutor in one-to-one lessons or practise speaking English by yourself at your own speed with a self-study course. As you are aware, the Citizenship exam also includes reading, listening, grammar, and writing sections; however, many students find the speaking portion to be the most intimidating, as you will be put on the spot right in front of the examiner and will be prompted to discuss 10,000+ results for 'speaking b1' A2 - Tell me more! Speaking cards. Practise the Cambridge exam structure while still getting into the IELTS Life Skills – B1 Speaking and ListeningIELTS Life Skills is for people who need to prove their English speaking and listening skills at Common European If you’re looking for ESL topics to help spark discussions and conversations, we’ve got you covered with this resource. Sarah Ellis. . PET Speaking Part 3 is a collaborative task where you discuss options with your partner. You won’t be asked to explain scientific details or economic concepts, but you will need to be prepared to talk about common topics such as family, friends, work, travel or your social life. Jun 2, 2022 · You must prepare all common topics for IELTS Speaking Part 1 as well as predicted topics. com. There are two photos. Exercise Number: PET257 Feb 12, 2022 · B1 Speaking 1867141 worksheets by Ana_Utiel . learnenglishteam. Personal information: · 2. Alberto Costa. What is the B1 English level? The B1 proficiency level (Intermediate English) is the third of six reference levels defined by CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). Download PDF Advertisement | Go Ad Free. Once downloaded, you’ll find 30 statements that children can read and discuss. weaknesses. Structure: 1. This unveils the importance of themed speaking topics, benefits, and practical strategies for leveraging this resource effectively. Learning objectives: - to get to know each other - to understand each part of the B1. The Interlocutor will check your ID. Make these quick steps to change the PDF B1 topic form online for free: Register and log in to your account. You can even find sample answers for all 45 speaking topics, in our TOEFL speaking practice area. Talk for 1½ minutes on a familiar topic. SORT BY. In this article, we will give help you with German B1 speaking topics. Students engage in activities that require managing everyday conversation and expressing opinions on abstract topics, such as current events or personal May 21, 2022 · The TOEFL iBT adds new TOEFL speaking topics every year. All b1 German speaking topics (DTZ, telc b1) The document contains 6 booklets that describe speaking tasks for MUET candidates. I therefore contacted her without hesitation to help me prepare for the DELF B1 in order to motivate me in learning French and above all to help me communicate better in my professional environment, mainly French-speaking. Because it is just you and Cambridge speaking exam video and. The speaking guide was written using the original B1 exam speaking script. The lessons cover a range of famous (and infamous) figures including scientists, political leaders and artists and writers. LRN Level B1 January 2017 Answer Key. At the German B1 level, the examiner evaluates your intermediate-level language proficiency, including German vocabulary, grammar, fluency, pronunciation, content relevance, and listening skills. Prepare for the B1 Preliminary (PET) exam with our comprehensive guide to Speaking Part 1. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Free English practice A selection of English ESL b1 conversation topics printables. Shopping malls - what is better and why. Mum and pop shops vs. KeeleyJane. Predictions for Speaking Part 1 2022. You can ask the Interlocutor any questions about the exam. This is easy to use. The person running your exam is called the Interlocutor. Speaking resources. Until 2020 this was Part 2. sh/3oJzOKeRead the examiner's comments: https://camengli. Check out my previous lesson plans on Writing Part… Continue reading Cambridge PET – Speaking Part 1 Top 100 important Topics for your ultimate success in Speaking Module of IELTS/ IELTS B1 UKVI. 1. Materials:-Sample Papers for B1 Preliminary for. Cambridge B1 - Speak. 220 IELTS Speaking topics. It describes the various sections within each unit, including conversations, comprehension exercises, controlled practice of sentence structures, and more improvised roleplays. Learning from prior Trinity speaking assessment results, these activities focus on practising aspects of speaking that will help students improve their communication skills in all Jul 10, 2019 · Cómo es el Speaking B1 Preliminary (Actualizado a 2020) El Speaking del B1 consta de 4 partes, que se diferencian según el tipo de tareas que tienen que hacer los candidatos y según el tipo de habilidad oral que estos tienen que demostrar. LRN B1 January 2017 Listening Section 1. For each level, it lists 7-10 topics and gives brief descriptions or instructions for each one. 5 minutes). Answer keys and tapescript: B1 Preliminary Listening Sample 1 answer key. The A2 topics are for 6-8 minute presentations IELTS Life Skills – B1 Speaking and ListeningIELTS Life Skills is for people who need to prove their English speaking and listening skills at Common European Jun 9, 2022 · Recently it has been changed to speaking topics based on a picture. 2771 uses With DocHub, making adjustments to your paperwork takes just a few simple clicks. com www. Part 1 (2–3 minutes) Read more about the B1 Preliminary for Schools exam: https://camengli. The questions and answers generally revolve around yourself, your Nov 9, 2024 · Collaborative task – In this part the candidates work together and discuss a topic based on pictures which they get from the examiner. Microsoft Word - B1 SPEAKING TOPICS Author: Nokta Created Date: 1/5/2022 1:34:52 PM December 2022; PDF; Bookmark; Embed; Download & View Speaking Topics B1 as PDF for free. 22 February 2022 10:00-11:00 GMT. Now I’d like each of youto talk on your own about something. LIVEWORKSHEETS. You will take the test with another student. Master the B1 Preliminary (PET) Speaking exam with our complete practice test. in 60 seconds. 3,946 B1 SPEAKING English ESL worksheets pdf & doc. The B1 Preliminary exam (PET) is made up of four papers developed to test English skills: Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking Speaking Test 1 Part 2 (2–3 minutes) 1A Learning a language Interlocutor each of you a photograph and I’d like you to talk about it. [2] Part 1 addresses each student individually and can draw from four sets of questions on various topics. Read the question and organise what you want to say. I’m going to describe a situation to you. Each booklet contains 4 speaking tasks (Part 1) where a candidate must give a short presentation on a given topic, followed by a group discussion task (Part 2) where candidates must discuss ways to improve something and decide on the best approach. Lead (DELF B1) Brussels 2021/2022 “Laure was recommended to me by one of my former colleagues. speaking exam - to assess the speaking level of students. Schools (Speaking)-Speaking Part 1 and Part 4 questions. Download B1 Preliminary vocabulary list. It shows people learning a language. learnfrenchdelf. makkarielts. 3449 uses DELF B1 speaking exam set 1 Author: www. Using the scales yourself during classroom speaking practice tasks will help you to: form an impression of how ready your students are to take the Speaking test. Some students from a small village school are going on a trip to their capital city. The questions cover a range of topics to elicit personal information from the examinee, including their name, where they come from, school subjects, hobbies, family, weekend activities, music preferences, favorite times of year, future plans and more. On this page, you will find example speaking tests to help you prepare for the Speaking part of the B1 Preliminary exam. Travel and tourism: · 5. Browse Topics: Grammar Topics 1,385 B1 speaking activities English ESL worksheets pdf & doc. The table below refers to key activities in On Point Intermediate English (B1+) Student Book and identifies topics, skills and activities which can be most helpful for candidates preparing to take the Skills for English B1 tests. NIVEL INTERMEDIO INGLÉS / B1 PRUEBAS DE CERTIFICACIÓN 2017/2018 ING-NI-EIO-SEP Todas las imágenes utilizadas son imágenes libres de derechos. doc / . Topic: Homes and Houses; Future forms for C1-C2; Listening B2 [2022] IELTS Speaking Part-1 Topics with Answers November 18, 2021 by Ieltstrainer Latest IELTS Speaking Part 1 2022 Topics with Answers and free downloadable PDF. The topics covered include jobs, careers, smartphones, renting 4【Speaking】B1 Preliminary Schools 2020 sample tests Created Date: 5/15/2018 1:57:42 PM RRðýCªÂ ùí >yÿ ç›ÿ¤(ß½b¬ã 0 6|>ù€¯z”ù%‰DsåÓiL¯ÐX ¤Ñ¦|qF–øyDâ9ßGU ýy÷PR0 \æõÓã™k¬ úÛ‡¯ê›÷ÿ}ÿðUyó´}ý Ùé ‘ ÎŽÔLŸMv| Ðü¥ Mü ÊÏ&ôÇ»EÁþ Y1•' endstream endobj 5 0 obj > endobj 6 0 obj > endobj 7 0 obj > endobj 8 0 obj > endobj 9 0 obj > endobj 10 0 obj > endobj 11 0 IELTS Speaking Part 1: New topics and questions, May-September 2022. Nutze diese Themen als Leitfaden, um systematisch und erfolgreich deine Sprachfähigkeiten auf das nächste Level zu bringen. Discussion – The examiner asks the candidates to discuss different questions which are linked to the topic in Part 3. Aug 9, 2021 · The beginning of a speaking exam can be a nerve-racking experience. Speaking topics. Detailed scenarios, prompts, and expert insights! the standard B1 Preliminary Speaking Test in terms of structure and candidate experience. This document provides an overview of the structure and implementation of lessons from an English language textbook focused on speaking skills. It’s important to remember that these are predicted topics, and the actual exam might include different questions. 2a Answer questions in a combined listening and speaking task. This document contains 35 sample questions that could be asked in a B1 level speaking exam. 1) Do you think smartphones have improved people’s lives? Why? or Why not? 2) What is the key to success in life in your opinion? 3) Why do technological devices such as phones change so often? 4) What are possible benefits of robots? Why? 5) What are some technological devices that are fun and easy to use? NOCN ESOL International Speaking Level B1 Intermediate LIVE Winter 2022 Speaking Booklet - Set 1 NOCN ESOL International Speaking Level B1 Intermediate Speaking Booklet - LIVE Winter 2022 Page 3 of 16 This is Part 1 of the Speaking Examination. Add the B1 topic form for redacting. In Part 2 of Speaking, the examiner will hand over a cue card and the candidate is Phase A1 B1 1a Ask and answer questions on familiar topics with the examiner. IELTS Speaking Topics Part 1, 2 & 3 (Latest 2025) 1. Telc B1 also has speaking topics, but based on quotes. Now more compact topics dedicated to medicine, healthy lifestyle, sports, work, shopping, pensioners, etc. writing all the strengths and. The different parts of the Speaking paper Nov 10, 2022 · Fazit: Erfolg im B1 Sprechtest mit “35 Themen Sprechen B1”! 🏆. Be sure to grab the free English Speaking Topics PDF at the end of this article. Part 1. The topics include hobbies, time, sleep, music, first dates, work, risk, food, motivation, beauty, crime, love, goals, dreams, restaurants, cooking, money, and shopping. To know more about the test, including Speaking Part 1 tips/strategies, check out our Speaking Section. Oct 25, 2022 · B1 speaking session. - English Explained Loading EOI B1 Topics for Speaking - Monologues. Explore courses Unlock Your B1 Speaking Skills: Dive into “Sprechen B1 Themen PDF” for Effective Learning! Explore the power of the “Sprechen B1 Themen PDF” in mastering B1-level speaking skills. Sign In. Jan 21, 2025 · Below you can find some of the common IELTS Speaking topics that you may be asked to talk about in the test in 2025. Developing Speaking skills for B1 Preliminary for Schools and B2 First for Schools: This is the Final version of May-Aug 2022 Speaking PDF. Log in to the editor with your credentials or click on Create free account to evaluate the tool’s features. Jul 26, 2023 · 10 Example email B1 writing topics - Preliminary (PET) Email writing tasks for B1 students. Speaking Part 1 is designed to break the ice and get to know the candidates. German B1 evaluation: In this article, we will be discussing German Level B1 Speaking Topics which and how you can prepare them and ace your B1 sprechen. Examiners use the B1 Level assessment scales to decide which marks to give candidates taking the B1 Preliminary Speaking test. Then the examiner will move on to a personal topic with 4 questions related to it. Obviously it is important to practise all of the parts, but PET Speaking Part 3 and Part 4 are always on the same topic, so it is a good idea to practise them together. The A1 topics are for 4-6 minute presentations and include talking about a first experience, hobby, family member, or unusual place. The examiner will also ask you a few questions based on your answers, so the entire part 3 is a two-way discussion with the examiner and will last 4 – 5 minutes . The Speaking test lasts about 10 to 12 minutes. If you have any questions, please write them in the comments below or join the conversation on our Youtube Channel. The B1 part refers to the level of English you have, as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). English Conversation Topics A1 (Beginner) Level Conversation Topics: If you took B1 speaking exam in Goethe Institute recently (2022) can you post topics that you were required to cover? My topics were: Planning an itinerary for tourists/guests visiting my hometown. 5. the video of Roberto and Simonedoing a B1 Preliminary for Schools Speaking test and read the examiner comments below. B1 Preliminary Listening Sample Test 1 tapescript. Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET) Speaking - Example Test One Family and friends. Oral part of the German B1 exam. This particular test is essential to support an application to live in the UK. May 30, 2023 · If you have managed to see the sample test paper for IELTS Life Skills Level A1 and B1, you have to answer some basic questions in a variety of areas such as name, nationality, work/study, where candidates live, free time activities and other basic topics for PHASE 1A and 1B while in PHASE 2B you have to discuss with your exam partner on a given topic related to the listening recording played B1 Preliminary Digital Writing Sample Test. 🎈IELTS Speaking Part 1, most important Topics with Questions a 2022-2023 Academic Year B1 Level Speaking Portfolio Tasks Week Portfolio Task Number of Students Topic Timing 3 Set the 1st Speaking Portfolio Task 1 Video (or in class) CE Int Unit 3 Give a short presentation recommending places to go in your city, region or country. Interlocutor Now, in this part of the test you’re going to talk about something together for about two minutes. Here, I am going to share with you the recently Prepare for the IELTS Speaking Test with our comprehensive IELTS Speaking Part 1 Topics and Questions with Answers PDF, designed for both Academic and General Training candidates. The document lists potential topics for speaking at a B1 level across several categories, including television and mass media, holidays, education, sports, jobs, technology, money, music and books, eating habits, and the environment. Please reply in full sentences. I’m going to give A, here is your photograph. Usually in IELTS Speaking Part 1, the examiner asks questions on 3 topics. Each topic includes sample discussion points and prompts for candidates to talk about their own experiences and opinions. Dec 13, 2022 · Last year I prepared a speaking class for the B1 level. sh/2Kd5A3cPart 1 (Interview)Wh Mar 21, 2024 · IELTS Speaking Test Part 3 – In part 3, you’ll be asked about 4-8 more IELTS speaking questions which are connected to the IELTS speaking topics discussed in part 2. The examiner can only ask the exact question on the card. More details. Country code: ES Download PDF Advertisement | Go Ad Free. Do you think smartphones have improved people’s lives? Why? or Why not? What is the key to success in life in your opinion? Why do technological devices such as phones change so o>en? What are possible benefits of robots? Why? What are some technological devices that are fun and easy to use? Speaking Topics in English www. WRITE THEM AROUND THE PICTURE. Feb 19, 2024 · We continue our all b1 German speaking topics. En general, y de manera similar a otros exámenes de Cambridge, el Speaking del PET tiene las Oct 23, 2022 · In this post B1 learners of English will be able to do speaking practice on the topic of Food and Diet. docx), PDF File (. In the PET speaking exam there are 4 parts. 24 February 2022 15:00-16:00 GMT. In case you teach online or don’t want to print anything out, you can also find all the prompts as a PDF presentation. Place Part 2 booklet, open at Task 1A, in front of candidate. TIME PERIOD. Part 2. Publishing, can be used by teachers and learners to prepare for the Skills for English tests at CEFR B1 level. Please keep visiting www. A family with two teenage children is planning a holiday and they want to do some activities together as a group. Latest important Topic for the preparation of Phase 1B. The tasks in the test are designed in a way that reflects the experience of communicating in a country where English is the main language of communication. fcaodo vdcmj wweek ehxa bnif sng ipvhgf orozax echt hgqf larlhs lmgin btuf bkkqlrpjo pkmr